Batas Usia Capres-Cawapres Dalam Keputusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Dinasti Politik Perspektif Fikih

Naslul Aykar; Muhammad Arfan Ahwadzy

doi:10.61570/syariah.v2i2.79

Authors

Naslul Aykar Universitas Wijaya Putra
Muhammad Arfan Ahwadzy Ma'had Aly Lirboyo Kediri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61570/syariah.v2i2.79

Keywords:

Age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates, constitutional court decision no. 90/PUU-XXI/2023, Political Dynasty, Islamic Jurisprudence

Abstract

The Regulation on changing the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates by the Constitutional Court (MK) No. 90/PUU-XVIII/2023 has drawn pros and cons, with some people supporting and some rejecting it because it is considered to have the potential to worsen political dynamics, especially regarding the practice of political dynasties. Based on this reality, this study aims to assess whether the Constitutional Court's decision is in line with the Islamic jurisprudence view and to explain the Islamic jurisprudence view regarding the potential for strengthening political dynasties that may arise as a result of this policy. This study uses a literature review approach. The main sources used are the Qur'an, Hadith, the at-turās pole, and the Constitutional Court's Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023. The analysis was carried out qualitatively, with a comparative approach to compare the Islamic jurisprudence perspective on age as a leadership criterion with provisions in positive law. The results of this study show that from a fiqh perspective, the change in the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates in the Constitutional Court's decision is in line with Islamic principles in terms of implementing policies that are beneficial. However, even though the Constitutional Court's decision is legally valid, Islamic jurisprudence does not justify the existence of external factors behind the decision, especially those related to conflicts of interest that have the potential to strengthen the practices of political dynasties. The practice of political dynasties is contrary to the Islamic jurisprudence view, which prioritizes governance and is not centered on a handful of groups. Therefore, the government must ensure the existence of regulations that can prevent the dominance of political dynasties and guarantee the election of quality leaders.

References

Adji, Agung Bayu, Hedwig Adianto Mau, dan Mardi Candra. “KONSTITUSIONALITAS PERUBAHAN USIA CALON PRESIDEN DAN CALON WAKIL PRESIDEN DALAM NEGARA HUKUM DEMOKRASI.” SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah 3, no. 1 (7 Januari 2024): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v3i1.2116.

Al-Andalusi, Abu Muhammad Ali bin Ahmad bin Hazm. al-Faṣl Fī al-Milal wa al-Ahwā Wa an-Naḥl. Kairo: Maktabah al-Khanji, 1431.

Al-Bukhārī, Abū Abdillah Muhammad bin Ismā’īl bin Ibrāhīm. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Kairo: al-Maṭba’ah al-Kubrā al-Amīriyyah, 1433.

Al-Būṭi, Said Ramadān. Al-Mar’ah Baina At-Ṭughyān An-Nizām Al-Gharbi wa Laṭāif At-Tasyri’Al-Islāmi. Beirut: Dār Al-Fikr, t.t.

Al-Ghazāli, Abu Hāmid Muhammad. Al-Iqtiṣād Fi Al-I’tiqād. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2004.

Al-Jauziyyah, Ibn Qayyim. at-Ṭuruq al-Ḥukmiyyah. Kairo: Maktabah al-Bayān, 1431.

Al-Jazīrī, ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān bin Muḥammad ‘Iwaḍ. Al-Fiqḥ alā’ Mażāhib al-Arba’ah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2003.

Al-Kawākibī, Abdurrahman bin Ahmad. Ṭabā’i Al-Istibdād Wa Maṣāri’ Al-Isti’bād. Kairo: Kairo: Matba’ah al-Asriyyah, 1432.

Al-Khaṭṭābī, Abū Sulaimān Aḥmad bin Muḥammad. A’lām al-Ḥadīs Fī Syarḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Makkah: Jāmi’ah Umm al-Qurā, 1988.

Al-Maudūdi, Abū al-A’lā. Al-Ḥukūmah Al-Islāmiyyah. Kairo: Al-Mukhtar Al-Islami, 1976.

———. Al-Khilāfah Wa Al-Mulk. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1978.

Al-Māwardi, Abu Hasan Ali bin Muhammad. al-Ahkām as-Sulṭāniyyah Fī Wilāyah ad-Dīniyyah. Surabaya: al-Haramain, 2015.

Al-Qazwainī, Abū Abdillah Muḥammad bin Yazīd bin Mājah. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Beirut: Dār al-Muassasah ar-Risālah, 1982.

An-Nawawi, Abu Zakariyā Yahyā bin Syaraf. Al-Minhāj Syarh Ṣahīh Muslim ibn Al-Hajjāj. Beirut: Dār Ihyā at-Turāṡ al-Arabī, 1392.

As-Suyūṭī, Jalaluddin Abdurrahman. Al-Asybāh Wa An-Naẓāir. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1983.

As-Sya’rāwi, Mutawalli. Tafsīr as-Sya’rāwi. Kairo: Akbar al-Yaum, t.t.

As-Syirbinī, Syams Ad-Dīn Muḥammad Khaṭīb. Al-Iqnā’ Fī Ḥill Alfāż Abī Syujā’. Damaskus: Dār Al-Fikr, 2016.

Az-Zarqā, Muṣṭafā Aḥmad. Al-Madkhal al-Fiqḥī al-‘Ām. Damaskus: Dār al-Qalam, 2003.

Bā’alawi, Abdurrahman bin Muhammad. Bughyah Al-Mustarsyidīn Fī Talkhis Fatāwa Ba’ḍi Al-A’immah Min Ulamā Al-Muta’akhirin. Damaskus: Dār Al-Fikr, t.t.

Bathoro, Alim. “Perangkap Dinasti Politik Dalam Konsolidasi Demokrasi.” Jurnal FISIP UMRAH 2, no. 2 (2011).

Effendi, Winda Roselina. “DINASTI POLITIK DALAM PEMERINTAHAN LOKAL STUDI KASUS DINASTI KOTA BANTEN.” JURNAL TRIAS POLITIKA 2, no. 2 (16 Oktober 2018): 233–47. https://doi.org/10.33373/jtp.v2i2.1471.

Fitri, Adelia. “Dinasti Politik pada Pemerintahan di Tingkat Lokal.” KEMUDI : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 4, no. 1 (8 September 2019): 91–111. https://doi.org/10.31629/kemudi.v4i1.1333.

Fitria, Lailatul, Muhammad Faisol, dan Badrut Tamam. “Tafsir Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Politik Dinasti Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah.” Rechtenstudent 3, no. 3 (10 Januari 2023): 372–84. https://doi.org/10.35719/rch.v3i3.185.

Gunanto, Djoni. “Tinjauan Kritis Politik Dinasti Di Indonesia.” Sawala : Jurnal Administrasi Negara 8, no. 2 (24 Desember 2020): 177–91. https://doi.org/10.30656/sawala.v8i2.2844.

Ibn Fariḥūn, Burhān ad-Dīn Ibrāhīm bin Alī bin Muḥammad. Tabṣirah al-Ḥukkām Fī Uṣūl al-Aqdiyyah wa Manāhij al-Aḥkām. Beirut: Maktabah al-Kulliyyah al-Azhar, 1986.

Ibn Taimiyyah, Abū Abbās bin Abd As-Salām. As-Siyāsah As-Syar’iyyah Fī Islāh ar-Rā’i wa ar-Rā’iyah. Beirut: Dār Ihyā at-Turāṡ al-Arabī, 1989.

Iskandar, Dadi Junaedi. “Demokrasi, Otonomi Dan Fenornena Politik Dinasti Pada Pilkada Di Era Reformasi.” Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi 12, no. 3 (2015).

Juwaini, Abu Ma’āli Abdul Mālik bin Abdullah Al-Harāmain al-. al-Ghiyāsi: Ghiyās al-Umam Fi at-Tiyās az-Ẓulm. Kairo: Maktabah Imam al-Harāmain, 1401.

Khairi, Halilul. “MENAKAR PENGARUH POLITIK DINASTI DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH DI INDONESIA.” JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik) 7, no. 1 (16 Maret 2022): 35. https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v7i1.37770.

Khaldūn, Abdurrahman bin. Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldūn. Damaskus: Dār Al-Fikr, 1981.

Khallāf, Abdul Wahhāb. As-Siyāsah As-Syar’iyyah Fī Syu’ūn Ad-Dustūriyyah Wa Al-Khārijiyyah Wa Al-Māliyah. Kairo: Al-Maṭba’ah As-Salafiyyah, 1935.

Maslamah, Annisaul dan Yusdani. “DINASTI POLITIK DI INDONESIA DALAM TINJAUAN FIKIH SIYASAH KONTEMPORER.” al-Mawarid Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum (JSYH) 4, no. 2 (30 Agustus 2022). https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol4.iss2.art2.

“MK: Larangan Keluarga Petahana Ikut Pilkada Melanggar Konstitusi | Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia.” Diakses 28 Agustus 2024. https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=11396&menu=2.

Mūsā, Muḥammad Yūsuf. Niẓām Al-Ḥukm Fī Al-Islām. Kairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Arabi, t.t.

Musthofa, Ahmad. “LEADERSHIP MUHAMMAD AL-FATIH PENAKLUK KONSTATINOPEL SEBAGAI INSPIRASI PEMIMPIN MUDA ISLAM MODERN.” Tarbawi 9, no. 01 (30 Juni 2021): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.62748/tarbawi.v9i01.60.

NU Online. “Sistem Ketatanegaraan dalam Islam, Bagaimana Bentuknya?” Diakses 28 Agustus 2024. https://islam.nu.or.id/syariah/sistem-ketatanegaraan-dalam-islam-bagaimana-bentuknya-dxnQV.

Nursamsi, Abdul Wahab. “Pemuda, Bangkitlah untuk Perubahan.” NU Online, 21 Juni 2021. https://jabar.nu.or.id/ngalogat/pemuda-bangkitlah-untuk-perubahan-8dPrW.

Perdana, Aditya, dan Muhammad Imam. “Judisialisasi Politik dalam Putusan MK terkait Batas Usia Cawapres dalam Pilpres 2024.” Jurnal Bawaslu DKI 8, no. 3 (2023): 69–92.

Rahman, Asmika, dan Suharno Suharno. “Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Politik Melalui Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Politik Siswa.” Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 4, no. 2 (6 Januari 2020): 282. https://doi.org/10.17977/um019v4i2p282-290.

Ridha, Muhammad, dan Agus Riwanda. “Literasi Media, Literasi Politik, dan Partisipasi Kewarganegaraan Pemilih Pemula di Era Digital.” Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 5, no. 1 (30 Juni 2020): 110. https://doi.org/10.17977/um019v5i1p110-121.

Subandri, Rio. “Tinjauan Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Tentang Persyaratan Batas Usia Pencalonan Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden.” Jaksa : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik 2, no. 1 (2024): 135–53. https://doi.org/10.51903/jaksa.v2i1.1512.

Sugitanata, Arif. “DINAMIKA KEPUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TERKAIT BATAS USIA CALON PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN.” Qaumiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara 4, no. 2 (26 Desember 2023): 127–46. https://doi.org/10.24239/qaumiyyah.v4i2.79.

Susanti, Martien Herna. “Dinasti Politik dalam Pilkada di Indonesia.” Journal of Government and Civil Society 1, no. 2 (22 Februari 2018): 111. https://doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v1i2.440.

Tam, Henry. “Political Literacy and Civic Thoughtfulness.” THE NEED FOR ROOTS, t.t.

Tim Forum Kajian Ilmiah Fikrah. Fikih Perempuan: Keadilan dan Kesetaraan Dalam Islam. Kediri: Lirboyo Press, 2024.

Wahyuni Dekananda, Atika, dan Akmaluddin Syahputra. “Tinjauan Fiqh Siyasah Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Tentang batas Usia Capres dan Cawapres.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik 4, no. 3 (31 Maret 2024): 253–60. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v4i3.1902.