Metode, Teknik, dan Strategi Metode, Teknik dan Strategi Terjemah Q.S. Al-Ikhlas: Analisis Komparatif Tiga Orientasi

Abstract

This study offers a comparative analysis of translation methods, techniques, and strategies employed in three representative renditions of Sūrah al-Ikhlāṣ by George Sale (18th century orientalist ), M. A. S. Abdel Haleem (contemporary muslim scholar), and the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs 2019 (institutional representation). Motivated by a gap in the literature—few studies place orientalist, modern Muslim-scholar, and institutional translations in a single comparative framework—this research examines how each translator’s orientation shapes lexical choices, degrees of literalness, and explicative moves that affect theological and pragmatic reception. The unit of analysis is Sūrah al-Ikhlāṣ; primary data are the three published translations. Using a qualitative, descriptive-comparative design, the study applies theoretical lenses from Foreignization–Domestication, Newmark’s and Nida’s method categories, and Molina & Albir’s taxonomy of translation techniques to code and compare micro-level translation operations. Findings show distinct profiles: Sale exhibits strong foreignizing literalism with archaic Biblicalized diction; Haleem balances semantic fidelity with communicative modulation (a soft foreignization oriented to modern readability); Kemenag shows a faithful-semantic approach with domestication and explicitation aligned to pedagogical-tafsiriy aims. The paper argues these orientations produce different theological emphases and reception potentials: Sale frames Qur’anic language within a Judeo-Christian textual style, Haleem mediates classical meaning for global academic-readers, and Kemenag prioritizes didactic clarity for Indonesian Muslim readership. Implications concern translator responsibility, reader effects, and the need for contextualized standards when translating sacred texts.